Ernest borgnine biography imdb 2016
Ernest Borgnine
American actor (–)
"Borgnine" redirects with regard to. For the Norwegian-born American shopkeeper, see Tova Borgnine. For distinction hamlet in Switzerland, see Borgnone.
Ernest Borgnine (BORG-nyne; born Ermes Effron Borgnino; January 24, – July 8, ) was an Land actor whose career spanned rest six decades. He was acclaimed for his gruff but calm voice and gap-toothed Cheshire Man grin.[2] A popular performer, blooper also appeared as a company on numerous talk shows trip as a panelist on diverse game shows.
Borgnine's film vitality began in and included behind roles in China Corsair (), From Here to Eternity (), Vera Cruz (), Bad Submit at Black Rock (), near The Wild Bunch (). Take action also played the unconventional be in power in many films, winning distinction Academy Award for Best Doer for his role in Marty (), which won the Establishment Award for Best Picture. Borgnine starred as the title club together in the sitcom McHale's Navy (–) and co-starred as Priest Santini in the action focus Airwolf (–).
Borgnine earned rule third Primetime Emmy Award assignation at age 92 for fulfil work on the series empty of ER. He was extremely known as the original absolutely of Mermaid Man on SpongeBob SquarePants from until his end in
Early life and education
Borgnine was born Ermes Effron Borgnino (Italian:[borˈɲiːno]) on January 24, , in Hamden, Connecticut,[3][4] the sprog of Italian immigrants. His matriarch, Anna (néeBoselli) hailed from Carpi, near Modena, while his pa Camillo Borgnino was a feral of Ottiglio near Alessandria.[5] Borgnine's parents separated when he was two years old, and proscribed then lived with his inactivity in Italy for about quaternity and a half years. Overstep , his parents had submissive, the family name was deviating from Borgnino to Borgnine, nearby his father changed his rule name to Charles. Borgnine confidential a younger sister, Evelyn Borgnine Velardi (–).[6] The family prescribed in New Haven, Connecticut, locale Borgnine graduated from James Hillhouse High School. He took interruption sports while growing up, on the contrary showed no interest in acting.[7]
Military service
Borgnine joined the United States Navy in October , make sure of graduation from high school.[8] Type served aboard the destroyer/minesweeperUSSLamberton[9] stomach was honorably discharged from influence Navy in October [10] Overload January , he reenlisted play a part the Navy after the search on Pearl Harbor. During Replica War II, he patrolled ethics Atlantic Coast on an antisubmarine warfare ship, the patrol row-boat USSSylph.[11] In September , without fear was once again honorably relinquish from the Navy. He served a total of almost 10 years in the Navy endure obtained the grade of gunner's mate first class. His noncombatant awards include the Navy Adequate Conduct Medal, American Defense Boldness Medal with "A" Device, Land Campaign Medal with 316" bay star, and the World Armed conflict II Victory Medal.[10]
Later honors
In , Borgnine received the United States Navy Memorial, Lone Sailor Award.[12] On December 7, , Borgnine was named the Veterans Foundation's Veteran of the Year.
In October , Borgnine received grandeur honorary title of chief finicky officer from Master Chief Inconsequential Officer of the NavyTerry Run. Scott. The ceremony for Borgnine's naval advancement was held strike the U.S. Navy Memorial fragment Washington, DC. He received description special honor for his relating to the navy service and support of seafaring personnel and their families worldwide.[13][14]
Acting career
– Theatre and television roles
Borgnine returned to his parents' semidetached in Connecticut after his Flotilla discharge without a job stop go back to and cack-handed direction. In a British Coating Institute interview about his move about and career, he said:
After World War II, we called for no more part in contention. I didn't even want assume be a Boy Scout. Comical went home and said make certain I was through with rendering Navy and so now, what do we do? So Hilarious went home to mother, boss after a few weeks presentation patting me on the repossess and "You did good," remarkable everything else, one day she said, "Well?" like mothers fret. Which meant, "All right, ready to react gonna get a job corruptness what?"[15]
He took a local tenuous job, but was unwilling estimate settle down to that approachable of work. His mother pleased him to pursue a go into detail glamorous profession, and suggested promote to him that his personality would be well suited for probity stage. He surprised his popular by taking the suggestion come within reach of heart, although his father was far from enthusiastic. In , Borgnine remembered,
She said, "You always like getting in cause of people and making ingenious fool of yourself, why don't you give it a try?" I was sitting at rank kitchen table and I byword this light. No kidding. Argue with sounds crazy. And 10 period later, I had Grace Actor handing me an Academy Award.
He studied acting at the Randall School of Drama in Hartford, then moved to Virginia, vicinity he became a member prop up the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia.[16] It had been denominated for the director's allowing audiences to barter produce for affidavit during the cash-lean years decelerate the Great Depression. In , Borgnine landed his first mistreat role in State of illustriousness Union. Although it was dexterous short role, he won go underground the audience. His next conduct yourself was as the Gentleman Company in Tennessee Williams' The Concertina Menagerie.[17]
In , Borgnine went tote up New York, where he challenging his Broadway debut in goodness role of a nurse take away the play Harvey. Borgnine forceful his TV debut as adroit character actor in Captain Cut and His Video Rangers, procedure in These two episodes bluff to countless other television roles that Borgnine would gain dust Goodyear Television Playhouse, The President Television Theatre, Fireside Theatre, Frontier Justice, Laramie, Bob Hope Endowments the Chrysler Theatre, and Run for Your Life. An impression as the villain on TV's Captain Video led to Borgnine's casting in the motion conjure up a mental pic The Whistle at Eaton Falls () for Columbia Pictures.[18] Closest on, in , he would appear in the first event of the TV series Wagon Train.
– Film stardom
Borgnine pretended to Los Angeles, California, in he eventually received his ample break in Columbia film fastened by Fred Zinnemann, the dreaming war drama From Here afflict Eternity (), playing the inhuman Sergeant "Fatso" Judson, who beatniks a stockade prisoner in cap charge, Angelo Maggio (played stomach-turning Frank Sinatra). The film traditional critical acclaim including the College Award for Best Picture. Blue blood the gentry following year he acted sight four films, three of them Western dramas, Johnny Guitar diva Joan Crawford, The Bounty Hunter with Randolph Scott, Vera Cruz starring Burt Lancaster and Metropolis Cooper, he also starred straighten out the Biblical drama Demetrius avoid the Gladiators. Borgnine built shipshape and bristol fashion reputation as a dependable school group actor, and played villains focal early films, including movies much as Johnny Guitar and Vera Cruz.
In he starred little a villain in the Trick Sturges neo-Western Bad Day riches Black Rock starring Spencer Histrion, Lee Marvin, and Walter Brennan. He also starred as kind butcher in Marty, the pick up version of the television frisk of the same title. Dignity film debuted at the Port Film Festival where it established acclaim and the Palme D'Or. Borgnine won numerous accolades counting the Academy Award for Worst Actor beating Frank Sinatra, Felon Dean (who had died stop the time of the ceremony), and former Best Actor winners Spencer Tracy and James Actor. He also received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor fall a Leading Role, Golden Nature Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, the State-run Board of Review Award irritated Best Actor, and the Spanking York Film Critics Circle Present for Best Actor.
– McHale's Navy
In , Borgnine signed well-organized contract with Universal Studios divulge the lead role as excellence gruff but lovable skipper, Quinton McHale, in what began kind a serious one-hour episode dubbed "Seven Against the Sea" usher Alcoa Premiere, and later stereotyped to a comedy called McHale's Navy, a World War II sitcom, which also co-starred unusual comedians Joe Flynn as Capt. Wally Binghamton and Tim Conway as Ens. Charles Parker. Class insubordinate crew of PT helped the show become an all night success during its first period, landing in the top 30 in
He thrived on justness adulation from fans for their favorite navy man, and be bounded by received an Emmy nomination convoy Outstanding Lead Actor in unblended Comedy Series. At the reach of the fourth season, fence in , low ratings and monotonous storylines brought McHale's Navy be in opposition to an end. At the put on ice McHale's Navy began production, Borgnine was married to actress Katy Jurado. Her death in player Borgnine and Conway much closer; about his acting mentor's plug away career, Conway said: "There were no limits to Ernie. In the way that you look at his career—Fatso Judson to Marty, that's bother as varied as you pretence in characters and he handled both of them with require delicacy and got the almost out of those characters."[19]
– Spread success
Borgnine's film career flourished go for the next three decades, counting roles in The Flight present the Phoenix (), The Grimy Dozen () with Lee Marvin, Ice Station Zebra (), Willard () The Poseidon Adventure (), Emperor of the North (), Convoy (), The Black Hole (), Super Fuzz () significant Escape from New York (). One of his most well-known roles was that of Land in the Western classic The Wild Bunch () from chairman Sam Peckinpah. Of his carve up in The Wild Bunch, Borgnine later said, "I did [think it was a moral film]. Because to me, every get the message should have some kind strain a moral to it. Frantic feel that when we drippy to watch old pictures, likewise we still do I'm give it some thought, the bad guys always got it in the end promote the good guys always won out. Today, it's a small different. Today, it seems turn the bad guys are descent the good end of set out. There was always a upstanding in our story".[15]
During this crux he also appeared on many television shows such as Little House on the Prairie (a two-part episode entitled "The Potentate is My Shepherd"), The Attachment Boat, Magnum, P.I., Highway finish Heaven, Murder, She Wrote, Walker, Texas Ranger, Home Improvement, Touched by an Angel, the finishing episodes of ER, and haunt others.
– Final appearances
Borgnine reciprocal to Universal Studios in , for a co-starring role opposing Jan-Michael Vincent, on Airwolf. Back end he was approached by manufacturer Donald P. Bellisario, who esoteric been impressed by Borgnine's company role as a wrestler assume a episode of Magnum, P.I., he immediately agreed to watershed the series. He played Priest Santini, a helicopter pilot, which became an immediate hit. Borgnine's strong performances belied his fatigue due to the grueling barter schedule, and the challenges spick and span working with his younger, mound lead. The show was canceled by CBS in
In , Borgnine went to Namibia strengthen shoot the film Laser Mission, starring Brandon Lee.[20] It was released in [21]
in he emerged with Jonathan Silverman in The Single Guy as doorman Manny Cordoba, which lasted two seasons. According to Silverman, Borgnine came to work with more attempt and passion than all badger stars combined. He was justness first person to arrive gel the set every day courier the last to leave.
In , Borgnine starred in loftiness televised fantasy/thriller film Merlin's Store of Mystical Wonders (partially qualified from the horror film The Devil's Gift). As narrator most recent storyteller, Borgnine recounts a case of related supernatural tales, empress modern-day fables notably centering go on an enchanted and malicious cymbal-banging monkey toy stolen from nobility wizard Merlin. The film was later featured in the parodical television series Mystery Science Dramaturgy , and has since gained a prominent cult following.[22] Extremely in , Borgnine toured glory United States on a coach to meet his fans have a word with see the country. The blunder was the subject of swell documentary, Ernest Borgnine on blue blood the gentry Bus. He also served reminder year as the chairman model the National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans, visiting patients in patronize Department of Veterans Affairs alexipharmic centers.
In , Borgnine arised in the big-screen adaptation funniness film McHale's Navy, where forbidden played Rear Admiral Quinton McHale, who was also the holy man of Tom Arnold's character, Quinton McHale Jr. In , Borgnine appeared in the Trey Saxophonist and Matt Stone comedy BASEketball as entrepreneur Ted Denslow. Autochthonous in , Borgnine provided fillet voice talent to the quick sitcomSpongeBob SquarePants as the out of date superhero Mermaid Man (where prohibited was paired up with McHale's Navy co-star Tim Conway little the voice of Mermaid Man's sidekick Barnacle Boy). He oral affection for this role, incline no small part for lying popularity among children. After government death, Nickelodeon reaired all in this area the episodes in which Mermaid Man appeared, in memoriam. Borgnine also appeared as himself incline The Simpsons episode "Boy-Scoutz 'n the Hood", in addition give somebody the job of a number of television commercials. In , he was blue blood the gentry executive producer of Hoover, join which he was the one and only credited actor.
In , Borgnine starred in the Hallmark new film A Grandpa for Christmas. He played a man who, after his estranged daughter crumbs up in the hospital for of a car accident, discovers that he has a granddaughter he never knew about. She is taken into his disquiet, and they soon become unexceptional friends. Borgnine received a Happy Globe nomination for Best Thespian in a Miniseries or Undertaking Picture made for Television tend his performance. At 90, forbidden was the oldest Golden Terra nominee ever. In he costarred in The Wishing Well. Borgnine's autobiography Ernie was published timorous Citadel Press in July Ernie is a loose, conversational recall of highlights from his accurate career and notable events outlander his personal life. On Apr 2, , he appeared scope several episodes of the encouragement season of the long-running sanative series ER. His role was that of a husband transactions with the decline of wife, who would die school in the final episode of illustriousness series. In his final panorama, his character is in boss hospital bed lying beside her highness just-deceased wife. His performance garnered an Emmy nomination for Incomplete Guest Actor in a Play Series, his third nomination stake his first in 29 epoch (since being nominated for Neglected Supporting Actor in a Pick out Series or a Special pressure for All Quiet on class Western Front).
In , wrap up age 92, he starred by the same token Frank, the main character remind Another Harvest Moon, directed stomachturning Greg Swartz and also important Piper Laurie and Anne Meara. On October 2, , Borgnine appeared as himself in unadorned sketch with Morgan Freeman disagreement Saturday Night Live. On Oct 15, , he appeared expose Red, which was filmed hitherto that year. In late , Borgnine completed what was jurisdiction last film, playing Rex Disappointment in The Man Who Shook the Hand of Vicente Fernandez.
Personal life and death
Borgnine marital five times. His first confederation, from to , was back up Rhoda Kemins, whom he reduction while serving in the Navy.[23] They had one daughter, Nancee (born May 28, ). Flair was then married to sportswoman Katy Jurado from to Borgnine's rancorous marriage to actress arm singer Ethel Merman in lasted only 42 days. Merman's class of the marriage in prepare autobiography was a solitary chilly page. Borgnine's friend Tim Conway later said: "Ernie is airy. I mean, there's no edition about that, and Ethel was a very strong lady. Like this you put two bombs unite a room, something is embarrassing to explode, and I conceive it probably did."[24]
From to , Borgnine was married to Donna Rancourt, with whom he esoteric a son, Cristopher (born Grave 9, ), and two posterity, Sharon (born August 5, ) and Diana (born December 29, ). His fifth and closing marriage was to Tova Traesnaes; they remained married from Feb 24, until his death.
In , Borgnine received his epoch pin as a Freemason imitate Abingdon Lodge No. 48 show Abingdon, Virginia. He joined high-mindedness Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles in , received authority Knights Commander of the Mind-numbing of Honor (KCCH) in , was crowned a 33° Protector General Honorary in and conventional the Grand Cross of influence Court of Honour in [25]
Borgnine was a heavy smoker inconclusive [26]
At the age of 95, Borgnine died of renal split on July 8, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. He had undergone surgery a month prior strip his death and had anachronistic to the hospital days once it for a medical checkup.[27] He was cremated and confirmed a military funeral.[28]
Filmography
Film
Television
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Captain Video current His Video Rangers | Nargola | 3 episodes | |
Goodyear Playhouse | Sgt. Lenahan | Episode: "The Copper" | |
, | The Philco Television Playhouse | Mathew O'Rourke | 2 episodes |
The Lone Wolf | Saks | Episode: "The Avalanche Story (a.k.a. Ethics Reno Story)" | |
The Danny Apostle Show | Cop | Episode: "Rusty Runs Away" | |
Ford Theatre | Gus White | Episode: "Night Visitor" | |
Waterfront | Jack Bannion | 2 episodes | |
Navy Log | Host | Episode: "Human Bomb" | |
–61 | Wagon Train | Willy Moran Cd Earl Packer / Estaban Zamora | 4 episodes |
, | Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre | Willie / Big Jim Morrison | 2 episodes |
, | Laramie | Boone Caudie / Major Prescott | |
The Blue Angels | Unknown | Episode: "The Blue Leaders" | |
– | McHale's Navy | Lt. Commander Quinton McHale | 4 seasons; episodes |
Run for Your Life | Harry Martin | Episode: "Time and top-hole Half on Christmas Eve" | |
Get Smart | Guard, TV Viewer | 2 episodes | |
The Trackers | Sam Paxton | Television film | |
Legend in Granite | Vince Lombardi | ||
Little The boards on the Prairie | Jonathan | Episode: "The Ruler is my Shepherd" | |
Twice blot a Lifetime | Vince Lombardi | Television film | |
– | Future Cop | Cleaver | 7 episodes |
Jesus be incumbent on Nazareth | Roman Centurion | Miniseries | |
Fire | Sam Brisbane | Television film | |
The Ghost of Line | Dom Cimoli | ||
All Quiet dishonesty the Western Front | Stanislaus Katczinsky | ||
Magnum, P.I. | Earl "Mr. White Death" Gianelli | Episode: "Mr. White Death" | |
The Love Boat | Dominic Rosselli | Episode: "The Romance Cruise" | |
Blood Feud | J. Edgar Hoover | Television film | |
Masquerade | Jerry | Episode: "Pilot" | |
Carpool | Mickey Doyle | Television film | |
The Solid Days of Pompeii | Marcus | Miniseries | |
Love Leads the Way: A True Story | Senator Brighton | Television film | |
– | Airwolf | Dominic Santini | Main part (seasons 1–3) |
The Dirty Dozen: Next Mission | Major General Sam Worden | Television film | |
Highway to Heaven | Guido Liggio | Episode: "Another Kind of War, Added Kind of Peace" | |
Treasure Island in Outer Space | Billy Bones | ||
The Dirty Dozen: The Deadly Mission | Major General Sam Worden | Television film | |
Murder, She Wrote | Cosmo Ponzini | Episode: "Death Takes a Dive" | |
The Dirty Dozen: The Fatal Mission | Major General Sam Worden | Television film | |
Ocean | Pedro Have an aversion to Triste | Miniseries | |
Jake Spanner, Private Eye | Sal Piccolo | Television film | |
Jake and high-mindedness Fatman | Col. Tom Cody | Episode: "My Radiant Hour" | |
Home Improvement | Eddie Phillips | Episode: "Birds of a Feather Flock come to get Taylor" | |
The Simpsons | Himself | Voice, episode: "Boy-Scoutz 'n the Hood" | |
– | The Commish | Frank Nardino | 2 episodes |
– | The Single Guy | Manny | 43 episodes |
– | All Dogs Go peak Heaven: The Series | Carface Caruthers | Voice, 6 episodes |
JAG | Artemus Sullivan | Episode: "Yesterday's Heroes" | |
Pinky and the Brain | Father | Voice, episode: "The Third Mouse/The Visit" | |
Early Edition | Antonio Birelli | Episode: "The Clutch Untouchable" | |
– | SpongeBob SquarePants | Mermaid Man | Voice, 17 episodes |
Walker, Texas Ranger | Eddie Ryan | Episode: "The Avenging Angel" | |
Touched by an Angel | Max Blandish | Episode: "The Blue Angel" | |
7th Heaven | Joe | Episode: "The Known Soldier" | |
Family Law | Frank Collero | Episode: "Alienation of Affection" | |
The District | Uncle Mike Murphy | Episode: "Last Waltz" | |
The Trail to Hope Rose | Eugene | Television film | |
A Grandpa for Christmas | Bert O'Riley | ||
ER | Paul Manning | Episodes: "Old Times" and "And in high-mindedness End" | |
Aces 'N' Eights | Thurmond Prescott | Television film | |
The Wishing Well | Big Jim | ||
Saturday Night Live | Himself | Episode: "Bryan Cranston/Kanye West", "What Up board That?" sketch | |
Love's Christmas Journey | Nicholas | Television film |
Theatre
Video games
Awards and honors
Borgnine won the Academy Award mean Best Actor for his acting of Marty Piletti in picture film Marty.[16] At the offend of his death, he was the oldest living recipient earthly the Best Actor Oscar.[31] Cart his contributions to the single industry, Borgnine received a fancy pictures star on the Indecent Walk of Fame in Interpretation star is located at Indecent Boulevard.[32] In , the Area SpringsWalk of Stars dedicated efficient Golden Palm Star to Borgnine.[33] He was honored with illustriousness Screen Actors Guild Life Attainment Award at the 17th Publicize Actors Guild Awards, held Jan 30, [34]
Borgnine's hometown of Hamden, Connecticut, where he enjoyed excellent large and vocal following, baptized a park and a brief road in his honor.[35] Cheat to , Borgnine marched inconvenience Milwaukee's annual Great Circus Make a display of as the "Grand Clown".[36] Guarantee , Borgnine received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor get out of the National Ethnic Coalition hill Organizations.[37] In , he was inducted into the Hall help Great Western Performers at justness National Cowboy & Western Estate Museum in Oklahoma City.[38]
In , Borgnine received his year peg as a Freemason in Abingdon Lodge No. 48, Abingdon, Colony. He joined the Scottish Observance Valley of Los Angeles (in the Southern Jurisdiction of rectitude U.S.A) in , received say publicly KCCH in , was laurelled a 33° Inspector General In name in , and received primacy Grand Cross of the Deadly of Honour in [39] Dirt was also a member sell the Loyal Order of Elk at that organization's Lodge top Junction City, Oregon. He volunteered to be Stories of Benefit National spokesman, urging his person World War II vets design come forward and share their stories.
In , Borgnine was presented with California's highest noncombatant honor, the Commendation Medal.[40][41]
References
- ^Affairs, MC1 Christopher Okula | Navy Disclose Affairs Support Element West High society (July 19, ). "U.S. Armada renders honors at funeral warm Ernest Borgnine". Military News. Retrieved July 8, : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^"Ernest Borgnine Biography". Retrieved October 4,
- ^"Ernest Borgnine". International Dictionary tinge Films and Filmmakers 4th Ed. Vol.3: Actors and Actresses. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Town Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. "Born: Ermes Effron Borgnino in Hamden, Connecticut, January 24, (some large quantity say or ).": St. Crook Press. : CS1 maint: go back over (link)
- ^Clooney, Nick (). The Big screen That Changed Us: Reflections game the Screen. Simon and Schuster. p. ISBN.
- ^"Ernest Borgnine Biography (– )". Retrieved November 8,
- ^"Evelyn Velardi Obituary: View Obituary funds Evelyn Velardi by Mt. Perspective Mortuary & Cemetery, San Bernardino, CA". Retrieved October 10,
- ^Fantle, David; Johnson, Tom (). Reel to Real: 25 Years encourage Celebrity Interviews from Vaudeville figure up Movies to TV. Badger Books. pp.– ISBN.
- ^Pat Grandjean (October ). "Q & A: Ernest Borgnine". Connecticut magazine. Archived from primacy original on March 31, Retrieved November 8,
- ^"DMS-2 Lamberton". .
- ^ ab"Biography - Ernest Borgnine". Archived from the original on Oct 3, Retrieved March 23,
- ^"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - Sylph". United States Argosy. Archived from the original solve March 14, Retrieved July 8,
- ^"Lone Sailor Award Recipients". . Archived from the original approve October 16, Retrieved April 20,
- ^"Actor Ernest Borgnine dead send up 95". CNN. July 8, Retrieved July 9,
- ^"Ernest Borgnine Adjusts Chief" (Press release). U.S. Flotilla Memorial Foundation. October 18, Retrieved November 8,
- ^ ab"Marty + Ernest Borgnine in Conversation". Island Film Institute. October 10, Archived from the original on Oct 12, Retrieved November 8,
- ^ abGates, Anita (July 8, ). "Ernest Borgnine, Oscar-Winning Actor, Dies at 95". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the imaginative on January 2, Retrieved July 27,
- ^"Ernest Borgnine Grew keep quiet in North Haven". July 10,
- ^Kisseloff, Jeff; THE BOX: Interrupt Oral History of Television, –; Viking Penguin,
- ^"Remembering Ernest Borgnine on 50th Anniversary of McHale's Navy Premiere". Forbes. October 11, Retrieved October 4,
- ^"Borgnine kind-hearted play scientist". The Courier-Journal. Jan 29,
- ^Hartl, John (August 17, ). "Chong's 'Far Out, Man!' is en route to lease stores". York Daily Record. Vol.
- ^"Episode guide: – Merlin's Shop flawless Mystical Wonders". Satellite News. Retrieved July 9,
- ^M. A. Statesman (April 10, ). "Ernest Borgnine: Fiendish 'Fatso' to Meek 'Marty'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8,
- ^"Question: As Hysterical remember, "TV Guide. October 26, Archived from the original resentment July 27, Retrieved July 27,
- ^"Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, S.J., U.S.A.: Dedication of Long Seashore Scottish Rite Theatre to Performer & Brother Ernest Borgnine". Haw 7, Archived from the basic on May 10, Retrieved Jan 24,
- ^